The microbiome refers to the community of microorganisms — including bacteria, viruses, and fungi — that reside in a specific environment. In reproductive health, both the vaginal and endometrial microbiomes are typically dominated by beneficial Lactobacillus species, which important in creating an hospitable environment for embryo implantation.
A disruption of this balance (called dysbiosis) can lead to conditions like bacterial vaginosis (BV), where Lactobacillus levels are reduced and other bacteria become more dominant, and has also been linked to chronic endometritis, recurrent implantation failure, and recurrent pregnancy loss. Supplementing vaginal Lactobacillus probiotics could correct the imbalance of “bad” bacteria by increasing the number of beneficial Lactobacillus.