A karyotype is a laboratory test that examines a couple’s chromosomes to identify structural or numerical abnormalities. In the context of IVF, karyotyping is often recommended for individuals experiencing recurrent implantation failure, recurrent miscarriage, or unexplained infertility, as it can reveal translocations or other chromosomal abnormalities that may be passed on to embryos.
To perform a karyotype, a blood sample is taken from the patient, and white blood cells are cultured in a lab to encourage cell division. A special dye is then used to stain the chromosomes, which are examined under a microscope. The chromosomes are arranged in pairs and analyzed for any extra, missing, or rearranged genetic material, helping to identify potential issues that could affect fertility.